Ome through chemical modification. Existing study efforts are directed toward improving the thermal and lowtemperature stability of plant oils by chemical modification [16]. The molecular structures of plant oils have some prospective web pages for chemical modification, which include at double bonds, and also the conversion of C = C bonds to oxirane rings by way of epoxidation constitutes a promising strategy to receive important commercial solutions from renewable raw components. Epoxidation has received unique attention simply because it opens up a wide range of feasible reactions that can be carried out beneath moderate reaction circumstances because of the higher reactivity in the oxirane ring [1719]. The purpose of this function will be to continue building a chemical modification system for the preparation of biolubricant basestocks from ricinoleic acid [20]. The synthesis, characterization, and utilization of headgroup manipulation, collectively having a branching technique to enhance the physicochemical and tribological properties from the ricinoleicacidbasedtetraesters, are discussed within this contribution.Outcomes and discussionSynthesisDue to the rising market place relevance of environmentally labeled products, the ecological properties of plantSalih et al. Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:128 http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/7/1/Page three ofTable 2 Fatty acid compositions ( ) of plant oils by GC analysisPlant oil Safflower oil Higholeic safflower oil Highlinoleic safflower oil Sunflower oil Palmitic Stearic Oleic Linoleic Linolenic six 5 three six 4 three 2 20 80 10 35 90 23 47 25 70 12 85 55 5 53 42 50 4 eight 4Higholeic sunflower oil 5 Soybean oil Corn oil Cotton seed oil 16 7oil biolubricants happen to be intensively studied more than the last handful of years [18,19]. In general, their aquatic toxicity is very low or practically negligible, and they may be readily biodegradable in most situations. Their origin from renewable resources results in reduce net CO2emissions (“global warming”) in comparison with petrochemical merchandise. Couple of lubricants have such constructive ecological profiles. Therefore, the majority of lubricants are classified within the most favorable water hazard class. The favorable ecological properties of plant oils, collectively with their wellestablished technical functionality, make them appropriate base oils for the improvement of highperformance “green” oil and biolubricant products [21]. On the other hand, standard plant oils cannot totally meet the efficiency criteria for most lubricants. One particular strategy to eradicate the negative properties of plant oils and to improve their functionality is through structural chemical modifications.173252-76-1 Purity Within this work, cautious ring opening of epoxidized ricinoleic acid 1 was carried out to obtainOHRA, ricinoleic acid (1)OH HCOOH/ H2 O2 OERA, epoxidized ricinoleic acid (2)OH OH O O PTSA, steraic acid OHDHSOA, 10,12dihydroxy9(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid (three)OH O O OOH10 mol H2SO4, two mol stearic acid O C O OHTSOA, 9,ten,12tris(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid (four)O O CO OO10 mol H2SO4, 4ethylhexanol O C O O O O O O O CEHOTT, 18(4ethylhexyloxy)18oxooctadecane 7,9,10triyl tristearate (5)Figure 1 Reaction scheme for the formation of tetraesters.77545-45-0 Chemical name Salih et al.PMID:23357584 Chemistry Central Journal 2013, 7:128 http://journal.chemistrycentral.com/content/7/1/Page four of10,12dihydroxy9(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid three. Then, esterification of these merchandise was carried out utilizing stearic acid and sulfuric acid as the catalyst to yield 9,ten, 12tris(stearoyloxy) octadecanoic acid 4. This triester compound was applied as a precursor for the.